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Influence of different extraction procedures on polyphenol composition of propolis extracts

Propolis is a complex biological matrix with a highly diverse composition. Apart from the high proportion of lipophilic ingredients such as waxes, resins, but also some flavonoids, propolis contains polar constituents such as some phenolic acids as well. Due to such complex composition, propolis extraction is a multifaceted and demanding process since no consensus can be reached for the standardization of an optimal extraction procedure as it strongly depends on the desired final application. Therefore, we examined the influence of pH, glycerol and solvent polarity (water, methanol and olive oil) on composition of final propolis extract. Analysis of phenols was obtained by use of liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ). All obtained data were analyzed by chemometric tools. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed spatial distribution and variability of extraction procedures and revealed phenolic components that are significantly affected by different extraction process. With this combined approach, it is possible to evaluate different extraction methods outcomes and choose the most appropriate method for adjustment of the desired phenolic composition. This is particularly relevant in production of food supplements, medical devices or functional foods.

propolis, extraction procedures, LC-QQQ, polyphenols, PCA

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