engleski

Shifting the focus: regional pattern of secondary injury processes following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity as well as with long-term behavioral and motoric consequences, more than often in previously healthy individuals. TBI- induced tissue and cell damage results from the primary physical injury as well as from the complex secondary cascade of events including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular and metabolic changes. These secondary processes progress within days, weeks and months after the initial injury which makes them potentially responsive to therapeutic interventions. However, thus far, most of the preclinical and clinical TBI research has been mainly focused on uncovering the pathological changes in few specific brain regions, namely cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, even though there is evidence on the widespread cellular and axonal changes in the parts of the brain away from the primary injury area. These changes in the brain regions distant from primary injury contribute significantly to the development of post-injury neurological deficits. Review of the current knowledge regarding the pattern of the regional neuropathological changes which develop after TBI will be presented, including some of our recent results from the studies of TBI in the rat.

traumatic brain injury ; primary injury ; secondary injury ; rat

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