engleski

The effect of n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation on hemorheology, endothelium-dependent microvascular function and on physical performance

Potential beneficiary effects of dietary daily intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α‐linolenic fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function and physical performance are currently intensively investigated. n-3 PUFAs have been shown to have the antithrombotic effects, they decrease inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, and to affect expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and blood composition of fatty acids. Currently, in sport nutrition, fat content as well as the fat composition is in the focus of interest, showing to affect vascular function and physical performance of athletes. For example, treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular postocclusive hyperemic response in healthy humans. It may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, and improve muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans. Anti-inflammatory and anti- nociceptive effects of n-3 PUFAs may attenuate the delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and may preserve joint motions. Animal studies demonstrated enhanced endurance capacity to exercise. Recently we have showed significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity to reactive hyperemia in young healthy population with consumption of n- 3 PUFAs enriched eggs. Plasma hsCRP and lipid peroxidation products were decreased and antioxidative enzymes function was enhanced (i.e. increased glutathione peroxidase activity). Additionally, oxidative stress in granulocytes was reduced probably by increasing the cellular antioxidative capacity, and this effect seems to be restricted to male subjects, while it had an opposite effect on the monocytes of both sexes. On the other hand, some studies were not able to provide evidences of beneficiary effects of dietary PUFAs on skeletomuscular system in athletes or on macrovascular function and studies on microvascular function are scarce. Apparently, n-3 PUFAs’ effects were variably observed in men and women and vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation, type of undertaken sports activity and the study subjects (i.e. healthy individuals or cardiovascular patients).

n-3 PUFAs enriched eggs ; microcirculation ; muscular endurance ; oxidative stress ; athletes ; diet

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