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Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in the East Adriatic goats

In human history domestic goat has been an important source of milk, meat, skin and fiber. Goats has spread into Europe from the Fertile Crescent through the Danubian and Mediterranean corridors during the Neolithic agricultural revolution. Croatian Spotted goat is an "old" indigenous breed representing goat populations from the East Adriatic. Here, we sequenced a 660-bp fragment from the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in 25 Croatian Spotted goats(CSG) randomly sampled from Eastern Adriatic part of Croatia. In addition, we retrieved goat, ancient goat and sheep sequences from GenBank, thus, providing three data sets used in the calibration of the molecular clock and phylogenetic analysis. All CSG individuals have clustered in haplogroup A while high haplotype diversity (0.967) and several unique haplotypes were observed. Principal component analysis based on Reynolds distance matrix, revealed CSG to be similar, with exception of Swiss goats, to neighboring Mediterranean goat populations (Albania, Italy and Greece). This pattern was also confirmed by the evolution analysis using the most common ancestor tree that was calculated in BEAST 2.4.8 software package. Phylogenetic analysis of CSG confirmed heterogenic origin and suggested that at least one population expansion happened in the breed history. Our future analysis will be based on Caprine remains from numerous archeological sites along East Adriatic.

Croatian Spotted goat, phylogenetic analysis, ancient DNA

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