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Volatile compounds of the common speedwell (Veronica arvensis L.)

Genus Veronica L. is divided into 13 subgenuses according to morphological traits and it belongs to the Plantaginaceae family. There are 40 species of Veronica in Croatia. They are cosmopolitan and ecologically diverse species spread on a variety of habitats from aquatic, marshy and forest to rock, rock cracks, fields and ruderal habitats. Investigated Veronica arvensis L. belongs to terophytes. Literature review showed that the most investigated secondary metabolites for Veronica arvensis and generally for Veronica genus include iridoid glucosides, phenylethanoids and flavonoid glycosides, so this is the first study of the chemical composition of the essential oil from this species. Plant material was collected from Velebit (Croatia), in the spring (June) 2013. and was air dried. Water distilled essential oil from aerial parts of investigated plant have been analyzed by GC (gas chromatography) and GC/MS (gas chromatography – mass spectrometry) using VF-5ms capillary column and the first peaks appear after 30 minutes. The total yield of oil was 0.1%, based on dry weight of samples. Nine compounds were determined representing 78, 4% of the total oil. Results of the GC/MS showed that the most abundant compound is phytone represented with 38, 1% followed by hexadecanoic acid (26, 3%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (4, 4%). In our previous research in the oil of V. spicata phytol was the most abundant compound represented with 21.3%. In our review, we found one more species, Veronica thymoides subsp. pseudocinerea, that was investigated with the same methodology (GC-MS). Compound peaks for Veronica thymoides also appeared after 30 minutes of the GC-MS analysis and the most abundant constituent was hexatriacontene (21%). The present study gives additional knowledge about volatile compounds of the genus Veronica.

Veronica arvensis ; Plantaginaceae ; volatile compounds ; secondary metabolites ; phytone

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