engleski

Pre-design of experiment on out-of-plane behavior of framed-masonry walls with openings

Structural systems of seismically sensitive high story buildings are commonly consisted of either reinforced concrete or structural steel frames infilled with masonry walls/panels that can contain various openings. When subjected to seismic action, frames behavior is affected with additional stiffening from the infill wall. It is common to divide the frame – infill interaction to: in-plane, out-of-plane and their interaction. The in-plane research has systematically studied the inclusion of openings in regards to its size, position and confinement. It has been shown that openings do affect failure mechanism, ductility and the capacity of frames for the in-plane interaction. However, in the case of out-of-plane interaction, the effects of openings are still unknown as the field itself is less studied in comparison to in- plane research. There is no systematic study on out-of -plane behavior of infill walls considering various openings sizes, placements and confinements. This paper reviews out-of- plane experimental tests that have separately considered openings as: window, door and full high opening. Test setup (e.g. loading regime, measuring points), frames & infills geometrical and mechanical characteristics, and study findings are examined and summarized. Additionally, supplementary tests without openings are reviewed in order to design experiments that will be conducted by authors in part of the research project FRAme-MAsonry Composites for Modelling and Standardization (HRZZ-IP-2013-11-3013). In counterbalance with the majority of out-of-plane experimental setups - conducted with airbags to add loading only to the infill walls, the designed experiment will utilize the frame. The method to be applied resembles the realistic seismic actions where the frame is also loaded. The same is done in in-plane tests (frame–beam loading) and out-of-plane tests on shaking tables. The studies will be carried out on 1:2.5 scaled specimens with door and window openingspositioned centrically and eccentrically in the clay block infill walls surrounded by RC frame.

Pre-design ; experiment ; out-of-plane behavior ; framed-masonry walls ; openings

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