engleski

Surface-tension-based models of tissues

Many mechanical aspects of epithelial tissues can be interpreted in terms of models where cells are viewed as drops of incompressible liquid carrying a surface tension. We review the basic theoretical concepts related to this model and the key experiments supporting it. We discuss the differential adhesion hypothesis as an early yet still fresh incarnation of the surface-tension-based model, which can explain tissue aggregation, mixing, engulfment, and dispersal. After sketching the general aspects of the in-plane structure of epithelia, we turn to the tension-related elements of physical models of these tissues. Then we describe the tension-based models of non-trivial epithelial shapes such as folds, which highlight the role of apico-basal internal stresses in the formation of these shapes. We also discuss the theoretical models of gastrulation in Drosophila, the differential-adhesion- hypothesis interpretation of convergent extension, the two-drop model of epiboly in zebrafish embryo, and selected other applications of the model including the recent results obtained within the dynamical 3D vertex-model implementation.

cell, tissue, surface tension, adhesion

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