engleski

Driver mutations in melanoma

In this review, we present the fi ndings from the literature on several new molecules that can be targeted in the melanoma treatment process, especially metastatic melanoma, since fi ve-year survival rates are below 20%. Recently, melanoma has been defi ned by mutations that occur in oncogenes and lead to melanomagenesis. A mutation in BRAF gene selects the patients for targeting therapy with BRAF inhibitors. Although BRAF inhibitor therapy is associated with clinical benefit, the majority of patients with the BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma develop resistance, usually within the fi rst year. Clinically signifi cant discrepancy in BRAF status, between primary melanoma and its metastasis were detected in about 15% of cases. There are no specific recommendations on BRAF re-testing, but might be clinically relevant to repeat testing on recent metastatic sites in cases of previous BRAF wild type results.

metastatic melanoma, BRAF, p53, signaling pathway, mutations

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