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Green and efficient Knoevenagel condensation of 1, 3-thiazolidin-2, 4-dione with aromatic aldehydes in choline-chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent

Over the last few years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been extensively investigated as green solvents in organic synthesis. DESs are mixtures of two or three components which combined together form a low melting-point mixtures. In regards to organic solvents, DESs show advantages such as non-toxicity, thermal stability, biodegradability, low vapour pressure and low price. They are composed of a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) (usually choline chloride) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) components, such as sugars, amides, alcohols and carboxylic acids. Mixing of these species together at elevated temperatures forms a strong hydrogen bond interactions. DESs have been successfully employed as a green reaction media in organic synthesis, as well as green extraction solvents of bioactive compounds from various plant material. The Knoevenagel condensation of 1, 3- thiazolidin-2, 4-dione with various aromatic aldehydes, in choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent was studied. Choline chloride:urea (1:2) DES was proven to be an excellent media for this kind of reactions, yielding products in 2-3 h, without any catalyst added. This is environmentally friendly, green, simple work procedure with good to excellent yields of final products.

Knoevenagel condensation ; deep eutectic solvent ; choine chloride ; urea ; thiazolidinedione

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