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COMPARISON OF RAPID DRUGS OF ABUSE TESTING KITS AND THE GC/MS TECHNIQUE IN THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN URINE AFTER CONSUMPTION OF CODEINE, PHOLCODINE AND POPPY SEED

SUMMARY - Objective: The aim of the study was to compare rapid detection kits and GC / MS analyses of codeine and morphine in urine as a result of ingestion of pharmaceutical products and foodstuffs that contain poppy seed. Patients and methods: Volunteers took an analgesic containing codeine, a cough suppressant containing morphine derivate, pholcodine, and poppy seed cakes. Spot urine samples were collected at zero-time and up to 50 h after ingestion of analgesic and the cake and for over 6 days after the administration of the syrup. Results: The results demonstrated the shortcomings of rapid detection kits. Also, it was evident that interpretation of positive GC / MS findings of codeine and morphine is complex. Conclusions: Any positive result of rapid detection kits should be confirmed by a more definitive technique. Generally, it may be difficult to distinguish between administration of pharmaceutical products (codeine, pholcodine), ingestion of poppy seed in food (morphine, codeine), and true drug abuse (morphine, heroin). This is where hair analysis may help.

rapid detection kits; GC/MS; codeine; morphine

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