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How do morphotypes and chemotypes relate to genotypes? Intraspecies diversity of Ocimum basilicum L.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a widely known member of Lamiaceae family with a long tradition of cultivation. Cultivation for different market requirements led to great intraspecific variation at both morphological and biochemical level. The aim of this research was to assess diversity among basil accessions maintained at the Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as a part of the National Bank of Plant Genes. Eighty basil accessions belonging to five basil morphotypes (True basil, Small-leaf, Lettuce- leaf, Purple basil A and Purple basil B) and five chemotypes (High linalool, Linalool/trans-α- bergamotene, Linalool/methyl chavicol, Linalool/ trans- methyl cinnamate and High methyl chavicol) were analysed using AFLP markers. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations yielded a total of 2, 114 polymorphic markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among accessions within morphotypes and within chemotypes. Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) resulted in assignment of the investigated accessions to four clusters. The accessions belonging to ‘green’ morphotypes (True basil, Small-leaf, Lettuceleaf) were assigned to Clusters A or B and Purple basil A accessions to Clusters A or C. Purple basil B morphotype was genetically the most admixed, having accessions belonging to all four genetic clusters.

accession, AFLP markers, basil, chemotypes, genetic diversity, morphotypes

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