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The impact of exercise on adult neurogenesis and clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are often caracterized by psychophysical deficits followed by impaired neurogenesis within the progenitor niches. Changes have been related with an imbalance in cellular and environmental homeostasis that is normally created by the continuous interaction of immune competent cells, glial cells and resident progenitor and neuronal cells. It has been found that exercise has a beneficial effect on this microenvironment probably through neuro-endocrine system which may affect the processes of adult neurogenesis. EAE was induced by immunization of DA rats by bovine brain homogenate (BBH) emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant. Animals were divided into exercise and non-exercise/control group. Exercise programme was perfomed on Rota-Rod for rats with no acceleration included. For 4 days prior immunization animals exercised 20min/day, and 15min/day from immunization day till 8th day at which first clinical symptoms occur. Clinical course of EAE was evaluated during the 30 days. The expression patterns of neurogenesis markers were estimated on day 12 after immunization by immunohistochemistry with manual cell-count analysis. Differences between groups were assessed by Student-t test. The data have shown a significant difference with a less severe clinical course in animals that had exercised. This animal group had also a higher expression of progenitor markers within progenitor niches (subgranular zone of the hippocampus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricule). This includes an increased expression of Nestin and increased number of DCX+ and NG2+ cells. This research is suggesting that exercise stimulates the processes of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis which result in the formation of new neurons and oligodendrocytes necessary for the renewal of the neural tissue - one of the basic reparatory mechanisms which result in improved physical abilities and the improvement of the clinical features of EAE and MS, therefore improving the quality of life itself.

exercise, experimental autimmune encephalomyelitis, neurogenesis, clinical course

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