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Anticancer activity of Allium Commutatum, Allium Sativum, and Lepidium Graminifolium on human cancer cell lines

The anticancer activity of volatile isolates from Allium commutatum Guss., Allium sativum L., and Lepidium graminifolium L., analysed by GC-MS, as well as the pure sulfur volatiles, were evaluated against two human tumor cell lines: glioblastoma cell line LN-229 and bladder cancer cell line UM-UC-3, using MTT assay. The major sulfur volatiles found in A. commutatum hydrodistillate from flower and A. sativum bulb originated from S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide degradation. The most abundant sulfur volatile in A. commutatum isolate was dipropyl trisulfide, and in A. sativum diallyl disulfide. A. commutatum distillate showed very weak cytotoxic effect on both cancer cell lines except at incubation time of 72h on LN229 cell line (IC50 6.364 µg/mL), while dipropyl trisulfide showed much stronger cytotoxic effect: with IC50 12.34 and 10.35 µg/mL, and IC50 22.19 and 8.434 µg/mL for UM-UC-3 and LN229 cell line, respectively during incubation time of 48 and 72h. Both A. sativum extract and distillate showed strong time and concentration-dependent cytotoxic activity on both cancer cell lines, with the best results at incubation time of 48 and 72h. A. sativum extract had IC50 14.49 and 12.48 µg/mL, and 40.84 and 10.41 µg/mL for UM-UC-3, and for LN229 cell line respectively, during incubation time of 48 and 72h. A. sativum distillate showed very similar results: IC50 20.86 and 14.13 µg/mL, and 17.41 and 12.01 µg/mL for UM-UC-3, and for LN229 cell line, respectively . As expected, an active compound from A. sativum diallyl disulfide showed very strong anticancerogenic potential with IC50 22.3 and 19.07 µg/mL, and 44.69 and 8.85 µg/mL for UM-UC-3, and LN229 cell line, respectively. L. graminifolium extract and distillate sulfur volatiles originated from glucosinolates degradation i.e. 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, and benzyl isothiocyanate. They didn’t show strong cytotoxic activity on UM-UC-2 cell line. while there was effect on LN229 cell line of distillate at incubation time of 48 h (IC50 53.92 µg/mL) and of extract at incubation time of 48 and 72h (IC50 30.71 and 54.37 µg/mL, respectively). On the contrary, benzyl isothiocyanate showed much stronger cytotoxic effect: with IC50 13.16 and 12.3 µg/mL, and IC50 6.48 and 12.29 µg/mL for UM-UC-3, and LN229 cell line, respectively during incubation time of 48 and 72h.

Allium commutatum, Allium sativum, Lepidium graminifolium, diallyl disulfide, dipropyl trisulfide, anticancer activity, UM-UC-3, LN229

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