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Development of supercritical CO2 extraction of bioactive phytochemicals from black poplar (Populus nigra L.) buds followed by GC–MS and UHPLC-DAD-QqTOF-MS

The supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction process of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) buds was optimized(pressure, temperature) based on the yields of major phytochemicals (volatiles and non-volatiles). Theoptimal settings were 30 MPa/60◦C. Major volatiles determined by GC–MS in the optimized SC-CO2 extract (mg of benzyl salicylate equivalent (BSE) per 100 g of buds) were: pinostrobin chalcone (1574.2), -eudesmol (640.8), -eudesmol (581.9), 2-methyl-2- butenyl-p-coumarate (289.9), pentyl-p- coumarate(457.0), -eudesmol (294.4), and benzyl salicylate (289.2). Partial qualitative similarity was observedbetween SC-CO2 extracts and corresponding hydrodistilled essential oil dominated by sesquiterpenes, but with lower yields. Major compounds (mg per 100 g of buds) identified by UHPLC-DAD-QqTOF-MS inthe optimized SC-CO2 extract were: pinostrobin (751.7), pinocembrin (485.6), 3-O-pinobanksin acetateand methyl-butenyl-p-coumarate (290.2 ; 144.9 of pinobanksin and p-coumaric acid equivalents, respectively). SC-CO2extraction was found useful for green, efficient and simultaneous extraction of both volatile/non- volatile, bioactive phytochemicals of poplar buds – precursors of poplar-type propolis.

sesquiterpenes ; phenolics ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; response surface methodology ; central composite design

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