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Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott - Chemical Composition and Variability of Essential Oil depending on Locality

The essential oil (EO) was isolated from Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott, an endemic plant species of the Dinarides mountain range. The plant material was collected at localities on Mt. Velebit (localities Bojinac, Bačić kuk and Stupačinovo) in Croatia. The EO was subjected to detailed GC and GC-MS analysis to determine chemical composition and the similarity and variability in oil composition depending on locality. The overall composition of EO of M. croatica is characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. In the oil from Bojinac, sesquiterpene β- caryophyllene (25.2%) is the dominant component, followed by oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide (10.1%). In the oil from Bačić kuk, the cumulative amount of monoterpenes is substantially higher than sesquiterpenes, although the oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide (21.1%) is a major component of this oil. In the oil from Stupačinovo, caryophyllene oxide (20.2%) is the major compound, followed by β-caryophyllene (10.2%). To explore the relationship between the oil samples from various populations and their relation to specific volatile compounds, the GC-MS data were analysed with Principal component analysis. Based on these results, the EO composition in the studied populations of M. croatica can be considered to be quite uniform. A somewhat more pronounced degree of specificity was observed in the composition of oil from Stupačinovo. Cluster analysis classifies the number of samples studied into groups according to the chemical composition of essential oil by ‘magnifying’ their similarities. Multivariate analysis of the samples differentiated two well-defined clusters of M. croatica, in which one cluster included the localities Bojinac and Bačić kuk, and the locality Stupačinovo was isolated in its own cluster, indicating the specificity of its EO composition.

Micromeria croatica ; essential oil ; β-caryophyllene ; caryophyllene oxide

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