hrvatski

Around and below Divuša: traces of arrival of Perun’s mother in our lands / Oko i ispod Divuše: tragovi dolaska Perunove majke u naše krajeve

In their pursuit of the remains of structured groups of mythically conceived toponyms in the area of the present-day Sisak Diocese, the authors came across an unusual toponym in the area of Dvor na Uni, pointing to previously unobserved mythical concepts of ancient Slavs, generally held to have disappeared before the separation that took place between the 4th-6th century. There are those who try to associate this oikonym and hydronym, Divuša, with the presumed female partner of the pre-Indo-European supreme god *djeus p'ter in the form *djewa mater, which has been confirmed on Linear B tablets of pre-Homeric Greeks in Pylos in Peleponnese as diwija (Zeus’s wife). The remnant of the name *djeus p'ter in the younger Slavic variant *Divъ is found in the adjective divlji, and his wife may be discerned in the names of folklore figures such as Dzewana, Děvana in Western Slavic traditions, and as Diva (m., only in sg.) and dive (f., pl.) (Див, дивы) among the Eastern Slavs. Among the Southern Slavs, at present they can only be detected in toponyms such as Divuša, Diviška etc. Toponyms of such forms generally refer to settlements situated below mountains and adjacent to watercourses, which are often accompanied by toponyms derived from the name of the god of cattle and the underworld, Veles. Near Dvor, such oikonyms are Divuša, a village at the foot of Mount Zrinska gora, and the Divuša river (whose left tributary is Mala Rieka—Small River—implying that Divuša was considered “big”, in the mythical sense, a true river). To this we may also add Volinja and Volinjska rijeka, Velešnja and Veleška rijeka in the Una valley, but also at other places. There are also significant clusters of toponyms of this kind elsewhere in the Slavic world, for instance, there are particularly important analogies in southern Bohemia and at the confluence of the Odra river with the Baltic Sea. The results of archaeological excavations (the latest excavations at Gora and at Brekinjova kosa in the Banovina region) substantiate our premonitions about a pre-Christian date of such groups of mythically conceived toponyms. The excavations yielded fragments of the so-called perforated Slavic pottery derived from the Prague culture, which appears in the late 6th, 7th and—increasingly more rarely—the 8th century, i.e. belongs to the “pagan” horizon, that is, the period of Slavic colonization of the territory of the Mura, Drava and Sava rivers. The latest research into the earliest Slavic pottery in the area settled by the western group of the Southern Slavs (Bekić) shows that the appearance of perforated pottery may be traced from the present-day western Slovakia, through eastern Austria and western Hungary, to Slovenia—north-eastern in particular and, finally, north-western Croatia. Such a spatial distribution corroborates the assumption that the present-day Banovina region, situated on an ancient route that connected Pannonia with the Adriatic Sea, was settled already in the pre-Christian period by the Slavs, who populated the territory with their own gods. It points also to the direction from which the (group of) population arrived, bringing with them, among other things, their own technology of making pottery. / Autori su tragajući za ostatcima strukturiranih skupina mitski osmišljenih toponima na području današnje Sisačke biskupije naišli na području Dvora na Uni na neobičan toponim koji upućuje na do sada neuočene mitske predodžbe starih Slavena za koje se općenito misli su nestale prije razlaza od IV. – VI. st. Riječ je o ojkonimu i hidronimu Divuša kojega pokušavaju povezati s pretpostavljenim ženskim parom praindoeuropskoga najvišeg boga *djeus p'ter u obliku *djewa mater odnosno, potvrđeno kod predhomerskih Helena u Pylu na Peleponezu na pločicama s linearnim B pismom, kao diwija (Zeusova žena). Prežitak imena *djeus p'ter u mlađoj, slavenskoj inačici *Divъ nalazi se u pridjevu divlji, a njegova se žena može slutiti u imenima folklornih likova kao što su Dzewana, Děvana u ophodima kod zapadnih Slavena te Diva (m., samo sg.) i dive (f., u pl.) (Див, дивы) u predajama kod istočnih. Kod južnih ih se može za sada iščitavati samo iz toponima poput Divuša, Diviška i sl. Toponimi tih oblika u se pravilu odnose na naselje ispod gore te uz tekuće vode, a nerijetko su praćena toponimima izvedenima iz imena boga stoke i podzemlja Velesa. Kod Dvora su to selo Divuša ispod Zrinske gore i rječica Divuša (s lijeva prima pritoku Mala Rieka, što znači da je Divuša bila „velika“, u mitskom smislu prava rijeka), još u Pounju Volinja i Volinjska rijeka, Velešnja i Veleška rijeka, ali i drugdje. Znakovitih nakupina toponima te vrste ima i drugdje u slavenskom svijetu, a posebice su važne paralele u južnoj Češkoj i kod ušća Odre u Baltičko more. Rezultati arheoloških istraživanja (najnovija istraživanja u Gori i na Brekinjovoj kosi na Banovini) potkrjepljuju slutnje o pretkršćanskoj starini ovako strukturiranih skupina mitski osmišljenih toponima. Pronađeni su ulomci tzv. rupičaste slavenske keramike ponikle iz praške kulture koja se javlja tijekom kasnog VI., VII. i, sve rjeđe u VIII. st., tj. pripada "poganskome" horizontu odnosno razdoblju doseljenja Slavena na područje Mure, Drave i Save. Prema najnovijim istraživanjima najranije slavenske keramike na području koje je naselio zapadni dio južnih Slavena (Bekić), vidi se da se pojava rupičaste keramike može pratiti od današnje zapadne Slovačke kroz istočnu Austriju i zapadnu Mađarsku do Slovenije, osobito sjeveroistočne, te – konačno – sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Ovakva prostorna slika potvrđuje pretpostavku da su današnju Banovinu, koja se nalazila na jednom od drevnih putova koji su Panoniju spajali s Jadranom, Slaveni nastanili još u pretkršćansko doba te na njezinom području uspostavili štovanje svojih bogova, a ukazuje i na smjer dolaska (skupine) stanovništva koje je, uz ostalo, donijelo sa sobom i svoju vlastitu tehnologiju izrade keramike.

Divuša ; Croatia ; Slavs ; Slavic Mythology ; Volyn ; Slavic Ethnogony ; toponymy

nije evidentirano

engleski

Around and below Divuša: traces of arrival of Perun’s mother in our lands / Oko i ispod Divuše: tragovi dolaska Perunove majke u naše krajeve

In their pursuit of the remains of structured groups of mythically conceived toponyms in the area of the present-day Sisak Diocese, the authors came across an unusual toponym in the area of Dvor na Uni, pointing to previously unobserved mythical concepts of ancient Slavs, generally held to have disappeared before the separation that took place between the 4th-6th century. There are those who try to associate this oikonym and hydronym, Divuša, with the presumed female partner of the pre-Indo-European supreme god *djeus p'ter in the form *djewa mater, which has been confirmed on Linear B tablets of pre-Homeric Greeks in Pylos in Peleponnese as diwija (Zeus’s wife). The remnant of the name *djeus p'ter in the younger Slavic variant *Divъ is found in the adjective divlji, and his wife may be discerned in the names of folklore figures such as Dzewana, Děvana in Western Slavic traditions, and as Diva (m., only in sg.) and dive (f., pl.) (Див, дивы) among the Eastern Slavs. Among the Southern Slavs, at present they can only be detected in toponyms such as Divuša, Diviška etc. Toponyms of such forms generally refer to settlements situated below mountains and adjacent to watercourses, which are often accompanied by toponyms derived from the name of the god of cattle and the underworld, Veles. Near Dvor, such oikonyms are Divuša, a village at the foot of Mount Zrinska gora, and the Divuša river (whose left tributary is Mala Rieka—Small River—implying that Divuša was considered “big”, in the mythical sense, a true river). To this we may also add Volinja and Volinjska rijeka, Velešnja and Veleška rijeka in the Una valley, but also at other places. There are also significant clusters of toponyms of this kind elsewhere in the Slavic world, for instance, there are particularly important analogies in southern Bohemia and at the confluence of the Odra river with the Baltic Sea. The results of archaeological excavations (the latest excavations at Gora and at Brekinjova kosa in the Banovina region) substantiate our premonitions about a pre-Christian date of such groups of mythically conceived toponyms. The excavations yielded fragments of the so-called perforated Slavic pottery derived from the Prague culture, which appears in the late 6th, 7th and—increasingly more rarely—the 8th century, i.e. belongs to the “pagan” horizon, that is, the period of Slavic colonization of the territory of the Mura, Drava and Sava rivers. The latest research into the earliest Slavic pottery in the area settled by the western group of the Southern Slavs (Bekić) shows that the appearance of perforated pottery may be traced from the present-day western Slovakia, through eastern Austria and western Hungary, to Slovenia—north-eastern in particular and, finally, north-western Croatia. Such a spatial distribution corroborates the assumption that the present-day Banovina region, situated on an ancient route that connected Pannonia with the Adriatic Sea, was settled already in the pre-Christian period by the Slavs, who populated the territory with their own gods. It points also to the direction from which the (group of) population arrived, bringing with them, among other things, their own technology of making pottery. / Autori su tragajući za ostatcima strukturiranih skupina mitski osmišljenih toponima na području današnje Sisačke biskupije naišli na području Dvora na Uni na neobičan toponim koji upućuje na do sada neuočene mitske predodžbe starih Slavena za koje se općenito misli su nestale prije razlaza od IV. – VI. st. Riječ je o ojkonimu i hidronimu Divuša kojega pokušavaju povezati s pretpostavljenim ženskim parom praindoeuropskoga najvišeg boga *djeus p'ter u obliku *djewa mater odnosno, potvrđeno kod predhomerskih Helena u Pylu na Peleponezu na pločicama s linearnim B pismom, kao diwija (Zeusova žena). Prežitak imena *djeus p'ter u mlađoj, slavenskoj inačici *Divъ nalazi se u pridjevu divlji, a njegova se žena može slutiti u imenima folklornih likova kao što su Dzewana, Děvana u ophodima kod zapadnih Slavena te Diva (m., samo sg.) i dive (f., u pl.) (Див, дивы) u predajama kod istočnih. Kod južnih ih se može za sada iščitavati samo iz toponima poput Divuša, Diviška i sl. Toponimi tih oblika u se pravilu odnose na naselje ispod gore te uz tekuće vode, a nerijetko su praćena toponimima izvedenima iz imena boga stoke i podzemlja Velesa. Kod Dvora su to selo Divuša ispod Zrinske gore i rječica Divuša (s lijeva prima pritoku Mala Rieka, što znači da je Divuša bila „velika“, u mitskom smislu prava rijeka), još u Pounju Volinja i Volinjska rijeka, Velešnja i Veleška rijeka, ali i drugdje. Znakovitih nakupina toponima te vrste ima i drugdje u slavenskom svijetu, a posebice su važne paralele u južnoj Češkoj i kod ušća Odre u Baltičko more. Rezultati arheoloških istraživanja (najnovija istraživanja u Gori i na Brekinjovoj kosi na Banovini) potkrjepljuju slutnje o pretkršćanskoj starini ovako strukturiranih skupina mitski osmišljenih toponima. Pronađeni su ulomci tzv. rupičaste slavenske keramike ponikle iz praške kulture koja se javlja tijekom kasnog VI., VII. i, sve rjeđe u VIII. st., tj. pripada "poganskome" horizontu odnosno razdoblju doseljenja Slavena na područje Mure, Drave i Save. Prema najnovijim istraživanjima najranije slavenske keramike na području koje je naselio zapadni dio južnih Slavena (Bekić), vidi se da se pojava rupičaste keramike može pratiti od današnje zapadne Slovačke kroz istočnu Austriju i zapadnu Mađarsku do Slovenije, osobito sjeveroistočne, te – konačno – sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Ovakva prostorna slika potvrđuje pretpostavku da su današnju Banovinu, koja se nalazila na jednom od drevnih putova koji su Panoniju spajali s Jadranom, Slaveni nastanili još u pretkršćansko doba te na njezinom području uspostavili štovanje svojih bogova, a ukazuje i na smjer dolaska (skupine) stanovništva koje je, uz ostalo, donijelo sa sobom i svoju vlastitu tehnologiju izrade keramike.

Divuša ; Croatia ; Slavs ; Slavic Mythology ; Volyn ; Slavic Ethnogony ; toponymy

nije evidentirano