engleski

Evaluation of fluoride concentration in tapped, bottled and filtered water available in Croatia

Background: Fluoride is a chemical element that has shown to cause a significant effect on human health through drinking water. International standards for drinking water has been placed by organizations such as World health organization (WHO), however local conditions as well as diet and exercise play a large role of body fluoride intake during the day. Fluoride administrated in optimal concentration is caries protecting. Excessive amount of fluoride can cause dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis. To adjust the right amount of fluoride to patient, one needs to know daily intake of fluoride through drinking water since it is the main source of fluoride entry in human body. The aim of this study was to determine fluoride concentration in most frequently domestic used water, which are taped, bottled and filtered water. Methods: Samples of taped waters were obtained from different homes that were supplied from all 5 main water wells of town of Zagreb, Croatia. Samples of filtered water were taken after running through 2 main types of water filtration systems, silver impregnated activated carbon and ion exchange filters and filters based on reverse osmosis and ultra filtration. samples of bottled water were acquired from 3 supermarkets, all of 8 commercially available brands in Zagreb. All samples were tested with a combination fluoride- ion selective electrode (Orion, 96-09- 00, MA, USA) and average reading out of two tests was recorded. Results: The mean fluoride content of the taped water samples were 0.032 mg F/L with a range from 0.027 to 0.037 mg F/L. The mean fluoride content of filtered water samples were 0.022 mg F/L with a range from 0.003 to 0.037 mg F/L. The mean fluoride content of the bottled water samples were were 0.083 mg F/L with a range from 0.015 to 0.301 mg F/L. Discussion: Caries prevention program is done on individual basis. In patients prevention program it is of big importance to investigate source of drinking water. Patients using water filtrated with filters based on reverse osmosis and ultra filtration as main source of drinking water sould have more intense caries prevention program

fluoride ; taped water

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