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Quantitative analysis of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Croatian populations of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit (Geraniaceae)

The aim of this study was screening of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of aerial parts of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit., a native traditional medicinal plant, from four localities of northern (Buzin, Trešnjevka), central (Plitvice) and eastern part of Croatia (Podvinje). The content of total polyphenols and tannins (TP and T ; Folin- Ciocalteu assay) [1], total flavonoids (TF ; colorimetric assay with AlCl3) [2] and total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD ; colorimetric assay with nitrite-molybdate reagent) [3] in plant extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic) was quantified. Well-established assays were used to determine the antioxidant potency of the extracts: the Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) [4], 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay [5], and 2, 2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay [6]. The contents of TP, T, TF, and THD in aerial parts of the investigated plant populations significantly varied depending on the collection site, and were in the range of 4.78% – 12.85% (TP), 3.23 – 5.80% (T), 0.42 – 1.09% (TF), and 1.08 – 2.59% (THD). The sample collected from locality Plitvice exhibited significantly higher content of TP (12.85 ± 0.33%), T (5.80%± 0.34%), TF (1.09%± 0.04%), and THD (2.59 ± 0.12%) in comparison with other examined samples. The analyzed extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity according to all three assays with the highest for methanol extracts. The highest results of antioxidant assays were obtained for Plitvice population of E. cicutarium (L.) L'Herit., i.e. 28.15µmol Fe2+/g DW* (FRAP), 1.94 mmol/L TEAC** (DPPH), and 1.63 mM TEAC (ABTS). These results contribute to the scientific study of phytotherapeutic potential of the investigated plant species, especially in relation to bioactive polyphenolic substances, and give an impetus for further in vitro and in vivo biological studies. Note: *DW = dry weight ; **TEAC = Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity.

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit, antioxidant capacity, polyphenols.

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