engleski

Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of different types of photodynamic therapy on the main pathogenic bacteria of peri-implantitis in vitro

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against a bacterial suspension prepared from three different bacterial species on titanium and zirconia dental implants, and to analyze the possible alterations of the implant surfaces as a result of aPDT. The study was conducted on 72 titanium dental implants and 72 zirconia dental implants contaminated with a bacterial suspension prepared from three bacterial species. The contaminated implants were randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups (n=12 each), according to the following treatment protocols: Group 1 (PDT1): PDT (660 nm, 100 mW, 60 seconds) with toluidine blue ; Group 2 (PDT2): PDT (660 nm, 100 mW, 60 seconds) with phenothiazine chloride dye ; Group 3 (PDT3): light emitting diode (LED) with toluidine blue ; Group 4 (TB): treatment with only toluidine blue for 60 seconds. In the positive control (PC) group, the implants were treated with a 0.2% chlorhexidine-based solution for 60 seconds, and in the negative control (NC) group no treatment was used. In the titanium implants, the highest bacterial reduction was recorded in the PDT1 (98.3%) and PDT2 (97.8%) groups. Results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant reduction of bacteria in the PDT1 and PDT2 groups compared to the NC group (<0.05), individually for each bacterial species, as well as for all three species together. PDT3 was less effective than PDT1 and PDT2, and did not show a statistically significant difference compared with NC or any other treatment group. TB was the least effective treatment in terms of both the total bacterial count and the individual count for each bacterial species. In the zirconia implants all the study groups had significantly lower bacterial counts (>99.9%) when compared with NC for the total bacterial count and each bacterial species separately. Among them the highest bacterial reduction was recorded in PDT1, PDT2 and PDT3, and all of them were also significantly different from TB. PDT1 and PDT2 protocols showed high efficacy against a three-day old bacterial biofilm on titanium dental implants, while PDT1, PDT2 and PDT3 showed high efficacy on zirconia implants.

Photodynamic therapy ; titanium implants ; zirconia implants ; antimicrobial efficacy ; implant surface ; laser ; LED

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