engleski

Possibilities of early sowing of maize in Croatia with respect to climate change

Maize is main field crop on arable lands in Croatia. In the 2001-2010 decade period, maize was grown on 333736 ha (average yield 6.50 t ha-1). Yield variations among years were from 3.86 to 7.98 t ha-1. According to geographical characteristics Croatia is divided in three regions as follows: Pannonia region (temperate continental climate), Mountainous region (mountainous climate) and Mediterranean region (mediterranean climate). However, majority of maize growing area is situated in Pannonian region. Climatic changes and global warming have considerable impacts on maize growing. Aim of this study was testing temperature and heat units sum ([daily Tmin + daily Tmax] : 2 - 10: calculation only for days with Tmin above 10 oC) trends (comparison 1961-1990 and 2010-2016 periods) in five localities of Pannonian region (Osijek, Slavonski Brod, Krizevci and Zagreb in Pannonian region and Gospic in Mountain region. Mean soil temperatures in April at 5 cm of dept for 1961- 1990 were 11.0 oC and 8.6 oC, for Pannonian region and Mountainous region, respectively. However, for 2010-2016 it was increased for 2.8 oC and 2.4 oC, respectively. Heat units sum from April 25 to October 10 (expected frost-less period in Osijek for 90% of probability) in Pannonian region were 1301 and 1540, for 1961-1990 and 2010-2016 respectively. Analogical data for Mountain region were 882 and 1158, respectively. The last spring frost date after April 15 in Osijek for 1961-1990 was found in 15 years. However, in 2010-2016 period it was found only in April 19, 2015, while in remaining six years it was registered in February 21, 2016, March 12 (2011 and 2014), March 16, 2010, March 28, 2013 and April, 10, 2012. Based on these findings, April 5 and May 1 are recommended dates for beginning maize sowing in eastern part of Pannonian region. However, because of possible risks due to climatic excesses, only between 20 and 30% of planned area is recommend for the „earlier sowing“.

maize sowing date ; climatic change ; global warming ; soil-temperature ; corn heat units ; Croatia

Rad je dostupan u Zborniku radova: http://agribalkan2017.nku.edu.tr/ http://ziraat- en.nku.edu.tr/