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Jumping across Atlantic Ocean - North American Plant Pathogenic Fungi invading Croatia

During the last twenty years global trade with plants and plant products lead to the invasion of numerous plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes into new areas. Following their establishment, these invasive microorganisms are causing economic damage in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. Monilinia fructicola(G. Winter)Honey, Eutypella parasitica R. W. Davidson & R. C. Lorenz and Phytophthora lateralis Tucker & Milbrath are examples of plant pathogens which have spread into new areas during the last two decades. Until the beginning of 20th century, the natural range of M. fructicola, E. parasitica and P. lateralis was the North American continent. From 2007 to 2015, these species were found for the first time in Croatia, within the official surveys in national plant quarantine activities. P. lateralis was found in 2015 on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in Koprivnica-Križevci County. E. parasitica was recorded in Croatia in 2007, in forests near Slovenia, but in 2015 it was found for the first time on maples (Acer spp.) in the city of Zagreb, in an urban environment. M. fructicola was found for the first time on peaches and nectarines in 2012 in Split-Dalmatia County, but the subsequent surveys revealed the presence of this fungus in other parts of Croatia as well. The pathway of M. fructicola, E. parasitica and P. lateralis introduction into Croatia is not known. Invasion and establishment of these fungi and oomycetes are showing some limitations of todays' plant quarantine system, offering insufficient protection from such types of biological invasions.

Monilinia fructicola ; Eutypella parasitica ; Phytophthora lateralis

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