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Glasina i trač u književnosti i svakodnevnom životu: James Joyce 'Uliks'

ABSTRACT IN CROATIAN: 'Uliks' Jamesa Joycea jedno je od najvažnijih djela u svjetskoj književnosti koje svojom književnom teksturom sugestivno i minuciozno bilježi antropologiju svakodnevice. Čovjek i obrasci urbane kulture življenja u Irskoj na prijelomu 19. stoljeća (popularne kulture, usmene kulture, kulture irskih pubova, itd.) tematiziraju se u romanu i preslikavaju u njegovim eksperimentalnim narativnim i stilskim obrascima, čime se uspostavljaju izravne relacije književnosti i kulture. Kulturni kritičar i teoretičar Frederic Jameson u svom eseju “Uliks i povijest” usputno spominje vezu glasine i trača s kolektivnim pamćenjem u romanu, pa njegovu misao želimo detaljnije razviti. Kao marginalni usmeni žanrovi preuzeti iz svakodnevice u književnost, glasina i trač podjednako su zanimljivi s aspekta književne antropologije, kao i s aspekta antropologije svakodnevice. Njihov sadržaj i struktura otvaraju niz pitanja relevantnih za književnost: npr. odnos obrazaca svakodnevne komunikacije i književnosti, ali i pitanja koja se dotiču problematike istine, poluistine, fikcije, naracije. Nadalje, njima se uspostavljaju veze između memorije pojedinca i memorije grupa, pa na širem planu otvaraju niz problema vezanih uz mnemoničke mehanizme kojima se proizvodi povijest. Cilj mog izlaganja je, na tragu Jamesonove tvrdnje, razmotriti načine na koji glasina i trač u Joyceovom Uliksu uspostavljaju relacije između povijesti, književnosti, kulture i svakodnevice, te posebno razmotriti njihove veze s različitim oblicima memorije u romanu- kolektivnom, osobnom i narativnom. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: James Joyce’s 'Ulysses' reflects the anthropology of everyday life in the most unique way. The novel enacts the relations between man and various aspects of urban culture in Ireland at the turn of the 19th century (popular culture, oral culture, the culture of Irish pubs). These relations are also reflected in the novel’s narrative and stylistic patterns and they forge a direct link between literature and culture. In his essay “Ulysses and History”, eminent literary theorist and cultural critic, Frederic Jameson mentions in passing the relation between gossip and rumour and the collective memory in the novel. My paper aims to elaborate further on his statement. As marginal genres of popular expression transferred from everyday life to literature, rumour and gossip are interesting both from the perspective of the anthropology of literature and from the perspective of the anthropology of everyday life. Both their form and content invite us to think about issues relevant to literature: e.g. the relation between literature and the communicative patterns of everyday speech, the relation between fiction and truth, semi-truth, the issue of narration, etc. Moreover, they forge a link between individual memory and group memory. On a larger scale they raise issues related to the mnemonics and the production of history. In line with James’s statement, my paper seeks to examine various ways in which gossip and rumour in Joyce’s Ulysses forge relations between history, literature, culture and everyday life. The paper will focus particularly on their relations with various modes of memory in the novel: personal, collective and narrative.

James Joyce, Uliks, glasina, trač, kolektivno pamćenje, osobno pamćenje, narativna memorija

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