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Synthesis and application of gold nanoparticles to breast cancer cells

Nanoparticle-based therapies to treat cancer are widely evolving. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are small units that are inert and non-toxic to cells. The aim of this work was to study the radiosensitization effect of three types of GNPs to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro. Citrate, glutathione and aminodextran were used to modify GNPs surface and to increase their accumulation in cancer cells. All GNPs were well characterized with respect to their particle size, shape and colloidal stability in aqueous solution and cell media. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated accumulation of GNPs in cytoplasmic vesicles, while the mass spectroscopy demonstrated the highest uptake of glutathione modified GNPs. GNPs alone show no significant effect on cell cycle demonstrated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. As well, cells treated with GNPs in combination with x-ray irradiation show no significant effect on cell cycle. Nevertheless, long-term overall survival of cells treated with GNPs in combination with irradiation was reduced. In conclusion, we showed that GNPs have certain biological effect, but still the precise mechanism of their activity remains to be explored.

nanoparticles, x-irradiation, radiosensitation, breast cancer cells, cell cycle

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