CRISPR/Cas9 system – a tool for precise genome editing (CROSBI ID 247307)
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Podaci o odgovornosti
Bukovac, Anja ; Njirić, Niko ; Tomić, Barbara ; Kafka, Anja ; Pećina-Šlaus, Nives
engleski
CRISPR/Cas9 system – a tool for precise genome editing
One of the aims of modern medicine is to fight diseases via genome editing. In order to find an even more precise and effective way to modify specific genes, scientists have developed a mechanism mediated by bacterial nucleases called the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This system was first discovered in bacteria where it is used to defend the host cell from foreign DNA, i.e. a type of defense against bacteriophages. After the infection, bacteria can develop “immunity” that can be transmitted to bacterial daughter cells via vertical gene transfer. Since it helps bacteria to recognize and fight new infections of analogous origin, the system was characterized as adaptable bacterial immunity. In this review article we describe the original mechanisms of the bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system, as well as its applications in higher organisms, including mammals, and discuss its advantages in comparison to other genome-engineering platforms. We also present its possible applications in neuroscientific fields, such as creating brain tumour models for neurooncologic studies, as well as its therapeutic potential in treating diseases with a genetic basis, especially psychiatric ones like schizophrenia. In the end, we discuss the ethical dilemmas associated with the usage of this revolutionary genome editing tool.
CRISPR/Cas9 ; ethics ; genome editing ; neurooncology ; nuclease
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