engleski

The State of the Art in Radiation Processing for Cultural Heritage in Croatia

The chapter describes Croatian experience in irradiation treatment of cultural heritage (CH) objects for their preservation against biological deterioration. This application has been made possible by gradual development of the panoramic gamma irradiation facility operated by the Radiation Chemistry and Dosimetry Laboratory (RCDL) of the Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) and concomitant accumulation of relevant knowledge. The main landmarks in the evolution of the expertise and hardware are briefly outlined. Over more than 50 years of its existence RCDL has been carrying out basic and applied research in the fields of radiation chemistry, radiation protection, radiation dosimetry and radiation processing. Considerable experience gained in decontamination and disinfestation of various materials: cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, medical supplies and foods enabled the extension of irradiation treatment to CH objects more than 25 years ago. The layout of the panoramic gamma irradiation facility is described and principles governing the exposure of CH objects are briefly discussed. Irradiation as a method of choice for the conservation of CH objects appeared indispensable when the sudden urge to save a large number of objects simultaneously became imminent as a consequence of war inflicted damages. In close co-operation between the RBI and Croatian Conservation Institute one third of evacuated objects, wooden altar pieces, pieces of furniture and other movable CH objects made of perishable materials were treated, mostly for insect eradication. The support of core professionals for the method was won, but the need to disseminate deeper understanding more widely was also recognized. The contacts with other parties involved in the country are outlined and an account of joint actions given. These activities resulted in good visibility of the irradiation method in the professional literature by Croatian authors. The network of national and international co-operation was developed, the latter significantly supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In response to the rising needs of users, some research projects on the effects of irradiation on wood, textiles, pigments, etc. were initiated with relevant institutes and/or universities in Croatia and abroad. As an example of a large scale action integrating previous accomplishments the campaign on radiation insect eradication of the Kožarić collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art is described.

Cultural heritage artefacts, biodeteoration, conservation by gamma irradiation, Croatian experience

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