engleski

Conservation soil tillage effectiveness in severe weather conditions

Conservation soil tillage is known as one of the most adaptive techniques which arise as more effective way to combat primarily negative influence of climatic changes especially in last two decades. Heterogeneous agroecological conditions and unsuitable soil tillage techniques on wide scale influence yield levels from year-to- year. Yields variation primarily depends on climate aberrations but also on variation of extreme meteorological conditions. Most common, and at the same time most dangerous weather conditions are represented with severe water and temperature regime. Both, water and temperature regime, have influence not only on yields but on other aspects which are in physical, chemical and biological domain. Since agriculture is faced with changing climatic conditions and with consequences which already arise, soil tillage plays a major role in soil vulnerability to climatic change and affects many soil quality aspects. According to 15 years of experimental results it can be concluded that conservation soil tillage, as a component of conservation agriculture, represents one of the main technology operations in crop production whose proper application could significantly improve yields. Main studied crops (Maize, Wheat and Soybean), depending on the soil tillage system, has shown different levels of reaction to extreme or severe weather conditions. Besides higher yields, arising side effects are mainly positive (reduction of soil erosion, increase biogenity and quality of soil, less traffic and soil compaction alleviation, nutritional status and quality traits of crops, weed infestation etc.), but are still in the background of wide rang conservation soil tillage adoption. Experiments with main goal of choosing the "best cropping system" or "best solutions" are a process which needs to be elaborated according to site- specific methods and crop- specific responses to mitigate climate threats. In this process, application of conservation soil tillage principles has a unique and specific role which can make a difference from successful and sustainable crop production compared to traditional principles. Since climatic changes do not follow national borders and since agriculture is extremely vulnerable to them, a common action to find adequate and effective measures to face climatic changes is an imperative. Conservation soil tillage is one of the best possible ways to combat primarily negative influence of climatic changes and consequently severe weather conditions.

soil tillage ; agroecosystems ; conservation agriculture

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