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Renaissance Sources in Medieval Mirrors for Princes: Petrarch and Andreas Pannonius

The study compares the sources of two mirrors for king by the Carthusian monk Andreas Pannonius, who lived in Italy (Venice, Bologna, Ferrara) in the 15th century: the De regiis virtutibus, dedicated to Matthias Hunyadi, and the Ad Herculem libri duo, dedicated to Ercole d' Este. Of particular importance among these are the Latin works of Francesco Petrarch and the long quotations taken from them (without mentioning Petrarch's name). Of the 27 quotations in De regiis virtutibus, 7 are taken from De otio, 19 from the Seniles, 1 from De viris illustribus, and the genre itself is Petrarca's (speculum principis in the form of a letter). The data in the second mirror for king show a radical turn: of the 51 borrowings from Ad Herculem, the vast majority (24), often several pages in length, come from Petrarch's Familiares, a collection of letters (a list of the borrowings is given in the appendix to this study). Andreas Pannonius is a medieval author who had a documentable relationship with several important contemporary humanist figures (Bornio da Sala, Candiano Bollani), who used humanist sources extensively, yet did not adopt the humanist spirit. Ultimately, therefore, he can be considered a Renaissance writer who was not a humanist. The main thesis of his second work is that worldly rulers do not have to abandon their worldly life in order to achieve the salvation. The original conclusion of Andreas Pannonius was that 'happiness' (beatitudo) can be attained through purely political virtues. However, despite the fact that the main source of his work is the father of humanism, Petrarch, the author arrives at this conclusion by means of an explicitly scholastic argument, rather than a humanist one.

Petrarch, Andreas Pannonius, renaissance political theology

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