engleski

Genetic diversity of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia

Viticulture and winemaking have a long history in Dalmatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. There is archeological evidence of grapevine cultivation dating back to the early Bronze period, around 1800 BC. The Greeks established the first colonies on the Adriatic Coast and associated islands in the first century BC. The grapevine has been of great importance in the economy of Dalmatia. During the long history of grapevine cultivation in this region many diverse grapevine cultivars has been accumulated. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were over 200 cultivars in use in Dalmatia. Many of these cultivars vanished from Dalmatian vineyards due to pests, diseases, and human selection preferring cultivars with greater productivity and less sensitivity to fungal diseases. Here, we present recent work on conservation, identification and characterization of native grapevine cultivars grown in the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. Seventy-six Croatian grapevine accessions in the germplasm collection were genotyped at 9 to 20 widely used SSR markers. Basic morphological characters encompassing young shoot, mature leaves, bunch and berry have been evaluated according to OIV descriptors. The SSR profiles of the Croatian grapevine accessions have also been compared with reference profiles from other collections provided through Vitis International Variety Catalogue and published literature. Several synonyms and homonyms were discovered among Croatian cultivars and those from neighboring regions along Adriatic Sea (Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia), suggesting exchange of grapevine cultivars along ancient trade routes. Unique genotypes for many Croatian cultivars were observed. Several putative parent-offspring relationships were observed. Genetic relationship exploited on the basis of proportion of shared alleles delineated several groups of cultivars with possibly different origins representing eastern cost of Adriatic Sea of Croatia (Dalmatia) as important germplasm resource of grapevine diversity in Europe.

native grapevine, Dalmatia, microsatellite, ampelography

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