engleski

Transformation of the image of Our Lady of Czestochowa: from the Queen of a Polish Kingdom to a Haitian Voodoo Warrior-Mother Ezili Danto(r)

The most revered Marian image in Poland is the Black Madonna (iconographical type Hodegitria) that is venerated at the Jasna Góra Monastery in Częstochowa. According to the legend, the icon travelled from Jerusalem, via Constantinople and Belz (Ukraine), to finally reach Częstochowa. After the Hussite attack on at the Jasna Góra Monastery and the icon itself in 1430, the image of Madonna has two slashes on right cheek from the Hussite sword. The slashes are present in its copies in other Pauline monasteries throughout Central Europe and Our Lady of Częstochowa is reproduced as scarred ever since: in the prints, pilgrimage souvenirs, holy images…. Its Canonical Coronation in 1717 by Pope Clement XI Albani consolidated the icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa as the Queen of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom. When Polish legionnaires were sent to the disastrous Napoleonic Haitian campaign (1802 ; Haitian Revolution), some joined the revolutionaries and settled in Haiti. In the Haitian voodoo (vodou) culture and in the sizable Haitian diaspora the dark- skinned and scarred warrior-mother Ezili Danto(r) or Erzulie D'en Tort is now most frequently represented as the scarred image the Virgin Mary on the icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa. The extraordinary destiny of this Marian image through its historical intercontinental migrations and its syncretic transformation from the Regina Regni Poloniae to voodoo Ezili Danto(r) open many paths and rise as many question. Here is mostly explored how the reproductions of the image prior to the Haitian chapter (not only in woodcuts and engravings, but painted on the armours as well) constructed the aura that prepared its transition to the voodoo spirit (loa ; lwa).

Icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa ; Haitian voodoo (vodou)

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