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Mathematical models of flywheels, ultracapacitors and batteries for utilization in DC microgrids

This report investigates low-to-medium power energy storage systems such as those based on flywheels, batteries and ultracapacitors, which may be suitable for an isolated DC microgrid. Each of the energy storage systems is first analyzed in terms of their respective principles of operation including practical aspects of energy storage system utilization such as efficiency, energy/power capacity and reliability. This is followed by energy storage system modeling with the emphasis on compact, lumped-parameter models suitable for energy management control applications, including energy storage state-of-charge (SoC) monitoring. Based on the energy storage system modeling results, appropriate power-flow based models of flywheels, ultracapacitors and batteries are parameterized and implemented in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment and tested in an open-loop manner for a constant-power charging/discharging scenario.

Modeling, ultracapacitors, batteries, flywheels

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