Between Exceptionalism and Internationalism: Ethics and Politics of the Conservation System in People’s Republic of Croatia of the 1950s (CROSBI ID 655348)
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Podaci o odgovornosti
Špikić, Marko
engleski
Between Exceptionalism and Internationalism: Ethics and Politics of the Conservation System in People’s Republic of Croatia of the 1950s
Following the demands of revolutionary regime, from May 1945 conservation community in Croatia experienced significant changes. After 27 years, it once again became part of state administration, with its legislation, budget, programs and personnel. Due to war damages, it was perceived by politicians as one of the most important allies in post-war reconstruction. Three conservation offices faced different challenges, from appropriation of cultural heritage to corrective reconstruction and adaptation. The first post-war years saw the establishment of the system which was expected to mirror political programs. These programs implied emancipation (as participation of the new stake-holders) and exclusion (reprisal towards colonists and traces of their cultural presence). Revengeful politics, accompanied by unitary project of Brotherhood and Unity among the triumphing Yugoslav nations, initially isolated state conservators from international trends. However, the break with Stalin in 1948 brought liberalization in early 1950s. It meant abandoning of Stalinist dogma and opening up to globalizing post-war conservation and modernist movements. The questions Croatian conservators had to address then were much different than in the immediate aftermath of war. How was expulsion (of Italian community, for example) to be connected with the principles of international solidarity and altruism? How to accept pre-war cultural contributions from Austria, Germany and Italy in a purified South-Slavic society? How to reach recognition of excluded champions of the conservation movement such as Riegl, Dvořák and Giovannoni, which all wrote about preservation of cultural heritage now belonging to Yugoslavia? When ideology of the Yugoslav “third way” (embodied in Non-Aligned Movement of the sixties) was forged in the Cold War atmosphere of the 1950s, conservation movement strived to transcend the frontiers and establish the principle of intellectual exchange. How could it become relevant to Croatian conservators, dealing with regained or captured monumental complexes of excluded communities? Cultural internationalism became important category in the 1950s as tool for professional homogenization in the polarized world. Yugoslav reply implied accepting the professional principles and their fusion with internal (South-Slavic exceptionalist) and international (inclusive, non-aligned) policies. Third way in foreign politics therefore meant affirming the international standards. It is seen in intensified exchange with Austrian, Italian and Polish experts since the mid-fifties, in field trips, training and reception of experts in Croatian historic towns. Local professionals were thus introduced to international projects (construction of Aswan dam and participation in Venice meeting of 1964), but continued political exceptionalism still prevented putting this non-aligned communist state on a map of international conservation movement. This presentation will therefore discuss the relevance of globalizing conservation movement for the self-definition of conservation community in Croatia of the 1950s. Bearing in mind the programmatic nature of the socialist reality and importance of conservation and modernist movements in its actualization, I will discuss the relations between professional standards and political exigencies on different levels. These standards and policies were shaped for interior purposes (creation of an exemplary Slavic society, cleared from “colonial” pasts) and foreign plans (post-colonial third way).
Croatia, Yugoslavia, Tito, conservation, reconstruction
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Podaci o prilogu
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Podaci o skupu
State Socialism, Heritage Experts and Internationalism in Heritage Protection after 1945
predavanje
21.11.2017-22.11.2017
Exeter, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo