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Assessment of environmental impact of marine fish farming on water quality and sediment in the eastern Adriatic sea (CROSBI ID 654559)

Prilog sa skupa u zborniku | izvorni znanstveni rad | međunarodna recenzija

Gavrilović, Ana ; Pikelj, Kristina ; Kolda, Anamarija ; Žunić, Jakov ; Jug- Dujaković, Jura ; Vardić Smrzlić, Irena ; Valić, Damir ; Perić, Lorena ; Vukić Lušić, Darija ; Kapetanović, Damir Assessment of environmental impact of marine fish farming on water quality and sediment in the eastern Adriatic sea // Aquaculture Europe 17 / Myrseth, Bjorn (ur.). Ostend: European aquaculture society, 2017. str. 426-427

Podaci o odgovornosti

Gavrilović, Ana ; Pikelj, Kristina ; Kolda, Anamarija ; Žunić, Jakov ; Jug- Dujaković, Jura ; Vardić Smrzlić, Irena ; Valić, Damir ; Perić, Lorena ; Vukić Lušić, Darija ; Kapetanović, Damir

engleski

Assessment of environmental impact of marine fish farming on water quality and sediment in the eastern Adriatic sea

Introduction Aquaculture activities may introduce excessive nutrients into surrounding water and sediment, contributing to local eutrophication and to the general deterioration of the environment. At the same time, eutrophication and associated impacts also pose a threat to the fish farms and fish health. Fish farming could affect the microbial quality of the marine environment around aquaculture farms and surrounding areas. Environmental impact depends on the farming location and it’s specifics, such as the depth and the hydrodynamic regime (Doglioli et al., 2004). In addition to the aforementioned, the rearing technology, especially feed management, is a very important factor influencing the environmental water quality (Van Gorder and Jug-Dujaković, 1996). The study was conducted to assess possible impacts of marine fish farm on the water column and sediment located in the Bay of Mali Ston (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Materials and methods The study was carried out on the marine fish cage farm located in the Kabli, outer part of the Mali Ston Bay, Eastern Adriatic. The data were compared to the control site situated 2 km away from the farm. Sampling included water column samples and sediment taken over a three-season period in 2016: spring, summer and autumn. Wet surface sediment was used for the assessment of the microbial community. Sediment samples (10.0g) for bacterial analyses were weighed aseptically and transferred to the sterile Phosphate Buffered Saline - PBS (100mL) for subsequent homogenisation. The uppermost 10 cm of sediment was isolated and air dried in a clean environment and subsampled for granulometry, mineral composition and organic matter (OM) content. Grain size analysis was carried out using laser granulometer, while mineral composition was identified by XRD analysis. OM content was estimated on duplicate subsamples as the weight loss after loss of ignition. Water samples were collected using 8L Niskin sampler in the sterilized plastic bottles (0.5L) at four depths: 0.5m, 5m and 10m below the surface, and 0.5m above the sea bottom. Samples for particulate matter were collected in the sterilized dark plastic bottles (1L) and analysed in triplicate according to Peterson et al. (2003). Measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity were recorded at each sampling site by Metler probe in situ. Total phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as silica and silicon dioxide, were measured using spectrophotometer in the laboratory. Water transparency was measured using the Secchi disk in situ. Serial dilutions of the water and sediment samples (1mL) were applied onto Difco™ Marine Agar (BD) for heterotrophic bacteria and incubated at 22°C for 3-5 days, as well as onto selective medium Difco™ TCBS (BD) agar for Vibrio enumeration, and incubated at 35°C for 24h and at 22°C for 3-5 days. Fecal indicators, total coliforms and Escherichia coli, were enumerated in the water and sediment samples using Colilert- 18. Enterolert-E was used for the enumeration of enterococci, and Pseudalert was used for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IDEXX). Statistical analyses were performed by Sigma Stat statistical package, Version 3.5. Results and discussion Significant seasonal variations were observed for some of the physico-chemical parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon dioxide, particulate matter quantity parameters: total – TPM, inorganic – PIM and organic particulate matter - POM) at both sampling sites, followed by changes in temperature. However, the observed differences in physico-chemical parameters were not statistically significant. Interestingly, maximal recorded POM concentration (0, 0034 g/L) during the study was recorded at the control site in summer, perhaps due to the application of proper feed management. According to Pitta et al. (2006), despite the large quantities of nutrients discharged by fish farms, there is little or low effect on the variables related to water quality. The highest environmental prevalence of Vibrio is in organically polluted water and in high salinity areas (Noga, 2000). In this study, microbial water quality at the fish farm was characterized by significantly higher concentrations of Vibrio, total coliforms, E. coli and enterococci in autumn, when compared to the other two sampling periods. Concentrations of Vibrio, heterotrophic bacteria, and total coliforms were significantly higher at the control site than on the fish farm. In contrast, concentrations of total coliforms and E. coli were higher in sediments at the farm site when compared to the control site, but not significantly. These small differences are in line with roughly the same OM content range (2.7-3.3%) found on both sites during sampling periods. Obtained OM content in analyzed biogenic coarse- grained carbonaceous gravelly sands is comparable (similar or lower) with those found in sediment of similar characteristics in and out of the fish farms along the eastern Adriatic (Puhr and Pikelj, 2012). Conclusion Results indicate the use of the environmentally appropriate rearing technology at the investigated fish farm. Methodology applied in this study could be the basis for monitoring of marine fish farms impacts in general, especially at the geographical locations of the enclosed areas. References Doglioli, A.M., Magaldi, M.G., Vezzulli, L., Tucci, S., 2004. Development of a numerical model to study the dispersion of wastes coming from a marine fish farm in the Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean). Aquaculture, 231: 215– 235. Noga, E.J., 2000. Fish Diseases ; Diagnosis and Treatment. Iowa State University Press/Ames, p. 367. Paterson, K.J., Shreider, M.J., Zimmerman, K.D., 2003. Antrophogenic effects on seston quality and quantity and the growth and survival of Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) in two estuaries in NSW, Australia. Aquaculture, 221: 407-426. Pitta, P., Apostolaki, E.T., Tsagaraki, T., Tsapakis, M., Karakassis, I., 2006. Fish farming effects on chemical and microbial variables of the water column: a spatio-temporal study along the Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 563: 99– 108. Puhr, K. and Pikelj, K., 2012. The effect of in situ shading on a Posidonia oceanica meadow situated within a fish farm induced moderately nutrient enriched environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64: 1537-1548. Van Gorder, S. and Jug- Dujakovic, J., 1996. The Effects of Feed Management on Design and Production Capacity of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Proceedings from Recirculating aquaculture conference. Roanoke, Virginia (July 19-21): 390-398.

Adriatic Sea ; fish farming ; water quality ; environmental impact

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nije evidentirano

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Podaci o prilogu

426-427.

2017.

objavljeno

Podaci o matičnoj publikaciji

Aquaculture Europe 17

Myrseth, Bjorn

Ostend: European aquaculture society

Podaci o skupu

Aquaculture Europe 17

poster

17.10.2017-20.10.2017

Dubrovnik, Hrvatska

Povezanost rada

Biologija, Geologija, Veterinarska medicina