engleski

Effect of climate on some soil properties and crop production

Climate with amount of rainfall, temperature and evaporation significantly affects the processes of the formation soil types. With intensification of climatic aberrations due to climate change, pedogenetic processes are also intensified. These processes influence physical, chemical and biological soil properties, and finally crop production. In areas with an average rainfall above ≈650 mm the process of eluviation or leaching clay particles, organic matter and oxides of iron and aluminum are also more intensive. Accumulation of clay in the deeper layers of the profile leads toward the horizon that considerably makes difficult water percolation of water and water remains on soil surface. With this processes of disturbed water:air ratio, degradation is crucial problem for earlier sowing in spring (soil warm up slower). In this way soil chemical properties are also degraded and nutrients become more unavailable. At the other hand, in area with smaller amount of water, in arid or semi-arid climate, as another form of soil degradation is salinization and alkalization, which becomes more and more serious problem. These processes can lead to formation of halomorphic soils ; solonetz (alkaline) and solonchaks (saline). These are soils with very poor chemical and physico-mechanical properties, which are mainly used as pastures. In that soil conditions crop production becoming questionable and some measures must be applied (usually very expensive) for soil correction and improvement. Intensifying individual climatic events (drought, wind, flood, etc.) significantly effect on intensification of certain processes degradation of soil properties. These soils are very poor chemical and physico-mechanical properties, which generally leads to their usage conversion.

climate influence ; soil properties ; crop production

nije evidentirano