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Effect of α cypermethrin on chromosome mis segregation and aneuploidy induction in human peripheral blood lymphocytes as measured by FISH coupled micronucleus assay

Aneuploidy results from chromosome loss, gain or mis-segregation during mitosis, and is the most commonly observed type of genomic instability in cancer. We have tested α-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in modern agriculture, for its ability to lead to mis-segregation of chromosomes in anaphase and induce aneuploidy in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two concentrations relevant for real scenario exposure, one in terms of residual exposure level (0, 0036 μg/ml) and another a common concentration of 3 μg/ ml, were tested. After treatment according to cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, nuclei of binucleate cells were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using centromeric, directly labelled probes for chromosomes 9, 18, X and Y looking for presence of the selected chromosomes. The results have shown that both concentrations of α-cypermethrin significantly affected the ratio of missegrated sex chromosomes (up to 94.5% for X and up to 96.5% for Y chromosome compared to 35.5% and 71.5% in the negative controls). No effect on somatic chromosomes was observed. However, we detected a decrease in the occurence of aneuploidy regarding both sex chromosomes (up to 4.5% for X and 3.5% for Y compared to 40% and 20% in the negative controls, respectively), and chromosome 18 at the higher concentration tested (7.5% compared to 14.0%). Overall, we conclude that α-cypermethrin has across the tested concentrations significant effect on chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy induction for chromosomes X, Y and 18.

α-cypermethrin ; fluorescence in situ hybridization ; chromosomes 9, 18, X and Y

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