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Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on chondrocyte viability and differentiation

Iron oxide nanoparticles have shown a great potential in tracking and visualization of cells and tissues with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two types of nanoparticles were of our interest, PEG coated and D- mannose coated iron oxide nanoparticles because of their biocompatible properties. Since nasal chondrocytes have promising potential in tissue engineering of articular cartilage, we have investigated effects of iron labelling on chondrocyte viability and differentiation. Chondrocytes were isolated from sheep nasal septum biopsies and expanded in proliferation medium. When confluent, cells were treated with different concentrations of Fe3O4&SiO2-PEG and D-mannose γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for 24, 48 and 72 h. The nanoparticle biocompatibility was determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay. Prussian blue staining was performed to visualize chondrocyte labelling during proliferation. In order to test chondrocytes differentiation potential in the presence of PEG and D-mannose coated nanoparticles, three dimensional pellet culture was established. Pellets were collected after 1, 7 and 14 days, fixed with 4% PFA, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained with Safranin O. Chondrocyte viability was not affected even after treatment with highest concentration of nanoparticles during 24, 48 and 72 h. The uptake of D-mannose coated iron oxide nanoparticles was dose and time dependent. Higher nanoparticle labeling concentrations and longer incubation period led to an increased Prussian Blue staining. Chondrocytes labeled with Fe3O4&SiO2-PEG nanoparticles showed little to no Prussian blue staining. Safranin O staining confirmed secreted extracellular matrix in pellets at day 7 and 14 labeled with both nanoparticle types. D-mannose γ- Fe2O3 nanoparticles could be a potential agent for tracking and visualization of three dimensional chondrocyte culture.

iron oxide nanoparticles, cell viability, chondrocyte differentiation, cartilage

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