engleski

Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents as an eco-friendly and effective alternative in the extraction of rutin from Ruta graveolens L.

Ruta graveolens L. (rue), mostly grown in the Mediterranean region, has been used in traditional medicine all over the world for various clinical conditions. Since it is a very pharmacologically active compound, rutin is often found in many medicinal preparations. The extraction of rutin from Ruta graveolens L. leaves in this study was performed using a new generation of solvents, choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DESs are often characterized as green and sustainable mixtures of nontoxic and cheap components, which, combined together, form an eutectic mixture. Firstly, rutin extraction was performed in five different DESs, pure DESs, and with different amounts of water added (25 % and 50 % v/v), for different times (1 h, 3 h and 6 h), in order to find the best DES for further optimization. Optimization was performed in choline chloride: Citric acid (1:1) DES considering extraction time, temperature, and water content, using response surface methodology (RSM). Rutin content was determined by HPLC and varied from 0.55 g/100 g of the plant to 1.81 g/100 g of the plant, depending on the applied conditions. The best conditions for rutin extraction were found to be: temperature of 70 °C, extraction time of 52 min, and using water content of 27 % for the extraction of 1.88 g /100 g of the plant.

rutin ; Ruta graveolens ; deep eutectic solvents ; extraction ; optimization

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