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Fungal conservation activities in Croatia, 2006-2017

Legislation – Fungal conservation in Croatia is currently regulated by the Ordinance on Protection of Fungi which was adopted in 2002. It is based on the Nature Protection Act from 1994. The next significant step in conservation of fungi in Croatia was the production of a first official Red List of Croatian Fungi in 2005, made by mycologists from the Ruđer Bošković Institute in co-operation with the State Institute for Nature Protection. The red list, based on IUCN Categories and Criteria, comprises 349 species, 55 of which were evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR), 77 as Endangered (EN), 119 as Vulnerable (VU), 35 as Near Threatened (NT), and 63 as Data Deficient (DD). As a result, 314 species from the Red List of Croatian Fungi were designated as strictly protected by the Ordinance on Designation of Wild Taxa as Protected or Strictly Protected in 2006. The Red Book of Croatian Fungi based on the official red list was published by TKALČEC & AL. (2008). A new national Nature Protection Act was adopted in 2013 and all subordinate legislation needs to be coordinated accordingly. The Ministry of Environment and Energy therefore established a special commission experts from different areas of nature protection in 2016. The commission made a proposal for Ordinance on the Collection of Native Wild Species and its adoption is planned by the end of 2017. Specific activities on conservation of fungi – A series of scientific and fungal conservation projects were conducted in protected areas, mostly in national parks (Sjeverni Velebit, Krka, Mljet, Plitvička Jezera, Brijuni) and nature parks (Medvednica, Papuk, Žumberak - Samoborsko Gorje). These projects included fungal diversity research and proposals to implement measures for conserving fungi and their habitats in protected areas. Two important localities for conservation of fungi in Croatia are currently actively managed due to the joint efforts of mycologists, public institutions, and local authorities. • Grasslands Vrhovec in Zagreb comprises valuable unmodified grassland hosting the greatest known number of endangered and protected grassland fungal species in Croatia. 18 species of waxcaps (Hygrocybe species) have been recorded there. Management guidelines for active maintenance of this site, including mowing twice a year, were proposed by mycologists and consequently implemented by the local authorities (from 2006 on). • Special Botanic Reserve Dubravica is one of Croatia’s few remaining peat bogs. Measures for conservation of this locality, including removal of invading trees and mowing of vegetation each year, were proposed and implemented by Croatian mycologists (from 2001 to 2006). After 2007, local authorities have continued with active management of this site. Fungi as ecologically important organisms were exhibited in the Visitor Centre Krasno of Sjeverni Velebit National Park (opened in August 2017). The visitor centre displays important natural and cultural resources of the Park to a wide audience. Croatian mycologists contributed to the mapping programme of the European Council for the Conservation of Fungi, and FRAITURE & OTTO (2015) published distribution maps of 51 threatened macrofungi in Europe, with comments on the species distribution, ecology and conservation status.

Fungi ; Red List ; Conservation ; Croatia

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