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Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of new Ag- and ZnO- nanoparticles/silica hybrid cellulose materials as a new potential antibacterial packaging material

Nanoparticles (NPs) made of metals and metal oxides are exciting new materials, which have extremely useful properties. The industry has recognized the importance of polymer materials coated with NPs, and utilizes them widely due to their excellent antibacterial, antimicrobial, water resistance and protective properties. Such materials are found in woven and nonwoven materials such as geotextiles, protective clothing, sportswear, food packaging and automobile interior fabrics. This research presents the development of new antimicrobial materials with layers of metallic nanoparticles on polymeric materials by sol-gel process. We have used ZnO and Ag nanoparticles for modifying cellulose materials i.e. cotton woven fabrics and afterwards monitored the changes of their antimicrobial, chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Since by deposition of targeted nanoparticles on polymers we created new materials, their applicable properties (such as angle of recovery) were used during optimization of sol-gel deposition process of nanoparticles. Statistical method used for optimization was Design of Experiment (DoE). The sol-gel process were monitored by scanning electron microscope equipped with the EDX detector (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and nanoparticle tracking analyser (NTA). The results of optimization have shown that the best procedure for application of ZnO nanoparticles was following procedure: m(ZnO) = 0.071 g, catalizator HCl = 0.1 mol/L, ultrasound 80 kHZ. New cellulose materials were prepared by dip- coating from 3- glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) as a precursor. The sols with nanoparticles were stirred magnetically and afterwards the GLYMO was added, and process was carried out by ultrasound until a homogeneous solution was obtained. Samples were left to gel at room temperature and then dried. Final polymeric modified products were characterized by SEM-EDX and FTIR-ATR. Moreover, the antimicrobial characteristics of applied Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were investigated and the antimicrobial effects of ZnO nanoparticles on polymers that will be used as new packaging materials was proven

Nanoparticles, ZnO, Ag, cellulose materials, sol-gel, Design of Experiment, antimicrobial effects

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