engleski

Fake News in Special and Hybrid Warfare

Fake news as a kind of stratagem has been recorded already in ancient mythologies in both worlds, as well as in the history of Old Age. A classic example is the homerical false news of the withdrawal of the Greek fleet under Troy. The Genesis claims that the mankind is suffering the consequences of original sin because the very first copy believed in fake news forged by the serpent. In a certain way the biblical serpent can be seen as a kind of self-styled hacker, who pretended to snatch reserved documents from the God’s deposit of knowledge. Several important historical events were forged by fake news generating riots, for instance the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, not to mention countless “witch” burnings, innumerably pogroms based on the fake news on ritually pascal sacrifice of Christian children etc. Fake news in some cases produced lasting massacres: one of the bases for Shoah was the brochure “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion”. Unlike the “artisan” dissemination of fake news by rumors before Gutenberg, or their industrial dissemination through the print and other "old media", in the present postmodern age, marked by scorn towards the factual truth, the Internet and the social network enable post- industrial mass distribution of fake news. Hackers’ invasions in the reserved documentation, its spreading through social media in a proximity to important elections, their impact on the press and public opinion, can be seen in relations to global strategic diatribes (Russia-NATO, Russia-USA, Russia-EU, Shiites- Sunites, Salaphites-Westerners etc.). Nowadays fake news is a stratagem in the so called information war without blood, as a strategic pilaster of the hybrid war. "Wars are no longer declared, and once they have begun, they run according to an atypical pattern", according to the general Gerasimov (2013), Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. He stated: “Wars are not necessarily won by those with more weapons. But rather wars are won by those who control the information.”

fake news ; special warfare ; hybrid warfare

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