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Halogen bonded cocrystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients: pyrazinamide, lidocaine and pentoxifylline

In this work we present the cocrystallization of three model active pharmaceutical ingredients: pyrazinamide (pza), lidocaine (ldc) and pentoxifylline (pxf). As cocrystal coformers, we selected perfluorinated halogen bond donors, 1, 4- diiodotetrafluorobenzene (tfib) and 1, 4- dibromotetrafluorobenzene (tfbb) [1]. From a crystal engineering standpoint the compounds are interesting due to the presence of various potential donor and acceptor species. The choice of structurally equivalent, ditopic linear halogen bond donors, yet of different donor strength allowed us to study the competition between hydrogen and halogen bonding in obtained solids. We have prepared six cocrystals by both mechanochemical synthesis and conventional solution-based method. The results of our work show that the dominant supramolecular bond in pza cocrystals is the X···N type halogen bond (where X = Br or I) established with the pyrazinyl nitrogen atom, in ldc cocrystals it is the X···O type halogen bond, while in pxf cocrystals it is dependent on the donor strength. In the tfib cocrystal, halogen bonds are established with both the secondary nitrogen atom and the xanthyl oxygen atom, while in the tfbb cocrystal only Br···O halogen bonds are formed. [1] G. Cavallo, P. Metrangolo, R. Milani, T. Pilati, A. Priimägi, G. Resnati, G. Terraneo, Chem. Rev. 116 (2016) 2478.

active pharmaceutical ingredients, cocrystals, crystal engineering, halogen bonding, mechanochemistry

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