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The use of nanomaterials in fabrication of surfactant potentiometric sensors

Among the electrochemical sensors, potentiometric sensors belong to one of the most important category, which measure the potential of the sensor that is correlated with the activity of analyte species. They have been widely used for direct determination of many organic and inorganic ions in industrial, medicinal and environmental analysis. Due to large-scale and increasing consumption of surfactants in many branches, their monitoring in different products and in environment is of great interest. Although surfactant sensors represent a great progress in surfactant analysis [1], they suffer from many disadvantages: leaching of the membrane components, extraction of lipophilic molecules into the polymeric membrane, limited life time, use of internal solution, poor mechanical properties, low resistance to organic solvents, slow response at some types of sensors. Nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely used for fabrication of various chemical sensors and biosensors, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as large surface area/volume ratio, good conductivity, excellent electrocatalytic activity and high mechanical strength. By development of potentiometric sensors, NMs can be investigated as conducting substrates, as substrates for electroactive material immobilization and as a potential sensing materials after their functionalization. The application of NMs has been demonstrated by the development and application of a few surfactant potentiometric sensors, by using graphene and carbon nanotubes for immobilization of the sensing material in the membrane, preventing the leaching of the electroactive material from the membrane as well as reducing its electrical resistance and signal noise [2, 3]. The new nanomaterial-based sensors were employed for the determination of anionic surfactants in commercial products and effluents, and the results were compared with those obtained with conventional surfactant potentiometric sensors and standard methods.

surfactant potentiometric sensors ; nanomaterials ; anionic surfactants

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