engleski

Generating an average three-dimensional shape of Croatian male and female face – a pilot study

Introduction: Three-dimensional stereo photographic images serve for creation of average male and female facial shells for the Croatian population, which could be used as orthodontic/surgical diagnostic tools in growth monitoring, orthodontic and surgical treatment planning, phenotype–genotype correlations, and also in the behavioral studies. Objective: Determine the look of an average three-dimensional shape of Croatian face, and also analyse which are the characteristics of male and female face. Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of 73 Caucasian Croatian young adults (average age 23 ; 52% females). Facial scans of the subjects were taken using non-invasive stereo photogrammetry apparatus (3dMDface system, 3dMD Inc., Atlanta, USA) using a standardized acquisition technique (subjects sitting in an upright position, keeping their head in natural position, with neutral face expression). Processing, normalizing, and landmarking of facial images were performed using Rapidform 2006 (Reverse Engineering software ; INUS Technology Inc., Seoul, South Korea). For every subject, 21 facial landmarks were identified and used for the creation of the average face for each sex. Results: The visible differences were noted in size and shape between average Croatian male and female faces. Average Croatian female face was smaller in size, and had more prominent eyes and cheeks ; contrary, average Croatian male face had more prominent forehead and chin. Conclusion: There were noted differences between average Croatian male and female faces. Broader age range sample is needed to create average Croatian male and female face, which will give reference about growth pattern and development throughout the life of Croatian population.

Average face ; facial landmarks ; facial shell ; stereo photogrammetry

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