engleski

The Polyphenolic Profile of Grapes

The grape berries contain numerous secondary metabolites among which polyphenolic compounds are the most abundant. This class of compounds possesses antioxidant activity and has multiple beneficial effects on the human health. Polyphenolic compounds are able to reduce inflammation, stop the development of tumors, modulate the immune system, etc. The grape phenolic profile (content and composition) depends greatly on the grape variety. Environmental factors that influence the phenolic profile are terrain, climate, soil properties, and soil water. The grape berries can produce synthase phenolic acids (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids), stilbenes and flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols). The classes as mentioned earlier of phenols can be located in the grape berry pericarp and the grape seeds, but their distribution differs significantly among these tissues. The vast majority of these compounds are contained in hypodermal and epidermal cells. The position of phenols in this tissue depends on their structure ; thus they could be located in vacuoles and cytoplasm in the free form (anthocyanins, flavonols, monomeric and dimeric forms of flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids) but also be bound to the cell wall (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols). There are numerous papers concerning the composition and content of polyphenols in different grape varieties, but up to the day, there is no review article which unifies these data. Thus, the aim of the present chapter is a unification of knowing data concerning content and composition of polyphenols in different berry tissue and grape varieties, as well.

grape cultivars ; polyphenolic compounds content ; anthocyanins ; flavonols ; flavan-3-ols ; stilbenes ; hydroxycinnamic acids ; hydroxybenzoic acids

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