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Influence of soil erosion and different tillage treatments on the content of organic matter

Quantity and quality of soil loss was measured on Stagnic Luvisol (pseudogley on slope) under six tillage treatments in Central Croatia during the 20-year investigation cycle (1995- 2014). The trial involved the following tillage treatments: 1. Control treatment ; 2. Tillage and sowing up and down the slope ; 3. No- tillage ; 4. Tillage and sowing across of the slope ; 5. Very deep ploughing (to 60 cm) and sowing across of the slope 6. Subsoiling to the depth of 60 cm, plus tillage and sowing across of the slope. The crops on each experimental plot (apart from the control plot) were grown in a crop rotation that is typical for this part of Europe: 1995 ; 2000 ; 2008 and 2012 - maize (Zea mays L.) ; 1996 ; 2001 ; 2005 and 2009 - soybean (Glycine hispida L.) ; 1996/1997 ; 2001/2002 ; 2005/2006 and 2012/2013 - winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ; 1997/1998 ; 2002/2003 ; 2006/2007 and 2010/2011 - oil seed rape (Brasicca napus var. oleifera L.) ; 1998/1999 ; 2003/2004 ; 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 - double crop that was consisted of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with soybean. The intention was to establish whether there is a difference between the soil texture and chemical properties of natural soil that hasn’t eroded and soil loss that was removed from the trial plots. This paper presents only the influence of soil erosion on content of organic matter in soil loss. The control treatment recorded a significantly higher loss of soil organic matter in relation to other investigated treatments, but a significant difference was not established between other treatments. Differences in soil organic matter listed by crops point out a distinct division into the low-density row crops and high density winter crops. Cultivation of row crops produces significantly higher losses of soil organic matter compared to high density winter crops. During 20 years of research on crop rotation, soil losses from the arable land have caused soil organic matter losses in the following order: control treatment (10.86 t ha-1) ; tillage up and down the slope (3.22 t ha-1), tillage across of the slope and very deep ploughing (1.54 t ha-1) ; subsoiling (1.14 t ha- 1), and no-tillage (0.86 t ha-1). Taking all this into account, no tillage, some tillage methods and planting across of the slope are recommended for the usual agricultural practice, since these methods have significantly lower total amount of soil loss, i.e., lower relative content of investigated chemical parameters of soil organic matter was recorded.

soil organic matter, water erosion, tillage treatments

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