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PILOT STUDY: Analysis of leptin, adiponectin and adiponectin gene polymorphism and leptin receptor in obese children and adolescents

Background-Aim Since today relationship between body fat mass and concentration of adipokines in the body has not been fully studied in children and adolescents and there lies the relevance of this study. The aim is to determine serum levels of leptin and adiponectin of obese children and adolescents and to identify the influence of the polymorphisms of leptin receptor gene on leptin resistance and leptin levels. Also, to examine the association between the polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and adiponectin levels. Materials and methods A case-control study comparing a study group of 30 obese children and adolescents (age 13.2±2.6 years) to a normal weight age matched (age 12.7±2.9 years) control group of 30 children. In both groups BMI and waist and hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Also, the classical metabolic parameters (fasting glycemia, total cholesterol and its fractions, serum triglycerides) were measured. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR. Adiponectin and leptin levels were determined using ELISA method (Human Leptin ELISA Clinical Range BioVendor- Laboratorni medicina a.s., Czech Republic, sensitivity 0.2 ng/mL ; Human Total Adiponectin ELISA kit BlueGene Biotech, China, sensitivity 0.1 mg/mL). PCR-RFLP based assay was utilized to genotype SNPs of LERPQ223R and ADIPOG276T genes. PCR primers were LEPR SNP Q223R F: 5'-ACC CTT TAA GCT GGG TGT CCC AAA TAG-3' and R: 5'-AGC TAG CAA ATA TTT TTG TAA GCA ATT-3' ; ADIPOQ SNP G276T F: 5'-GGC CTC TTT CAT CAC AGA CC-3' and R: 5'-AGA TGC AGC AAA GCC AAA GT-3'. Conclusions The study confirms higher levels of circulating leptin and lower concentrations of adiponectin in case group. In children with obesity was not observed association of the ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms with adiponectin levels. Results suggest that genetic variability in the leptin receptor is not associated with higher leptin concentrations. It is assumed these results were underpowered due to a small pooled sample size, and analysis of additional studies with larger sample sizes should provide further clarifications.

leptin, adiponectin, gene polymorphism, obese, children, adolescents

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