engleski

Cargo containerisation and its impact on the development of maritime transport

Cargo containerization belongs to the most significant changes that happened in maritime transport in the 20th century. Containers not only reduce loading time in sea ports ; but they also help to protect cargo against its damage, loss and theft. The first commercial transport of containers was carried out 60 years ago. In April 1956 the Ideal X, the converted tanker from the Second World War, transported them on her deck along the East Coast of the USA. Nowadays different types of containers are transported by cellular container ships which are divided into the generations according to their dimensions and transport capacity. In maritime transport there are three main container trade routes which link the developed to developing countries located in Asia, Europe and America. Sea ports are the gateways for all kind of cargoes which are transported by ships between the continents. In the world there are about 400 sea ports which transship containers in their container terminals. Twenty top world container ports transship about 50 % of a whole container port throughout the world. Most of them are located in Asia. Handling devices of terminals move and handle containers ; they also transship them between different means of transport before they are forwarded to their final destination. Container terminals differ from one another in the way that they handle equipment and systems. Some of them have used the innovation technologies to increase their throughput such as automated handling equipment, double or triple spreaders.

cargo containerization ; containers ; vessels

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