engleski

Influences of soil properties and hybrids on corn yields

Ten corn hybrids were grown under field conditions (total six experiments on different soil types) during two growing seasons. Corn was sown at end of April/beginning May by pneumatic sowing machine in four replicates (experimental plot 14 m2). In general, weather conditions during the growing season of 1999 were favourable for corn growing. Grain yields of corn were considerably depended on the growing season, locality (soil characteristics) and hybrid. For example, it was for 26% higher in the 1999 growing season, characterizing more rainfall and their favorable distribution. Drought stress was main limiting factor of corn yields for the 2000 growing season. Mean grain yields of corn depending on the locality were ranged from 7.50 to 12.31 t ha-1 (2-year means): the highest yeild was for 64% higher! Inheritance properties are also considerable factor of corn yields. For example, mean yields of tested corn hybrids under general identical environmental conditions were from 8.80 to 10.66 t ha-1. Three hybrids yielded over 10 t ha-1 (OsSK539exp, OsSK458exp and OsSK602: mean 10.42 t ha-1) while yields of two hybrids were lower than 9.5 t ha-1 (OsSK382 and OsSK461: mean 9.07 t ha-1). As the growing season 2000 was under drought stress and that previous year was normal concerning water supplies for corn, yield differencess among the hybrids between these two growing seasons could be used for estimation their drought tolerance. Based on this criterion, OsSK403exp and Os461exp could be characterized as considerable tolerant to drought in comparison with OsSK617, OsSK382 and OsSK554 hybrids. Under soil conditions of moderate P and K deficiencies, yield differences among the hybrids were from 7.06 to 9.11 t ha-1. The hybrids OsSK552 and OsSK554 could be designated as susceptible (mean yield 7.13 t ha-1), OsSK403exp and OsSK444 as tolerant (mean yield 9.06 t ha-1). However, under normal environmental conditions, yield differences between two groups of hybrids were considerably lower (12.36 and 11.19 t ha-1, for susceptible and tolerant group, respectively).

corn hybrids ; soil types ; grain yield ; Croatia

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