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A Contribution to the Understanding of Hallstatt Burial Customs - Archaeobotanical Evidence from Tumuli 13 and 14 at the Site of Kaptol, near Požega

Nekropola Gradci iz starijega željeznog doba dio je kompleksnoga arheološkog nalazišta u blizini mjesta Kaptol kraj Požege. Tijekom 2007. godine istraživan je tumul 13, čija je starost tipološki određena prema nalazima, a smješta ga u razdoblje Ha C2/D1. Tijekom 2010. godine istražen je tumul 14 koji se datira u Ha C2 razdoblje, odnosno u drugu polovinu 7. st. pr. Kr. Tijekom istraživanja iz oba su tumula uzimani uzorci za arheobotaničku analizu čije rezultate predstavljamo u ovom radu. U tumulu 13 nađeno je 140 karboniziranih biljnih ostataka ; prevladavaju različiti plodovi sakupljeni u prirodi, a najzastupljeniji je lješnjak (Corylus avellana). U tumulu 14 izdvojeno je 3880 karboniziranih biljnih ostataka. U nalazima dominiraju različite vrste žitarica, ali su u određenom postotku prisutni i „voćni” prilozi, prije svega plodovi divlje jabuke (Malus sylvestris). Prilozi biljnog podrijetla nesumnjivo su imali veliko značenje u grobnom ritualu halštata, ali za precizniju rekonstrukciju običaja trebat će dovršiti analize ostalih tumula s istog lokaliteta koje su u tijeku. The Early Iron Age necropolis of Gradci is part of a complex archaeological site in the vicinity of the municipality of Kaptol, near Požega (Croatia). In 2007, tumulus 13 was excavated and, on the basis of a typological analysis of the artefacts discovered, dated to period Ha C2/D1. In 2010, tumulus 14 was explored. That one has been dated to Ha C2, that is, to the second half of the 7th cent. BC. During the excavations, samples for archaeobotanical analysis were taken from both tumuli ; this paper presents the results of that analysis. From tumulus 13, 140 carbonized plant remains were recovered. Predominant among them were various fruits gathered from the environment, with greatest presence of common hazel (Corylus avellana). In tumulus 14, 3880 carbonized plant remains were recorded. Predominant among them were various cereal species, with a noticeable proportion of ‘fruit’ grave goods, primarily wild apples (Malus sylvestris). Grave goods of plant origin were undoubtedly very important in the Hallstatt grave ritual, but for a more precise reconstruction of the customs of the time we have to complete the ongoing analysis of finds from other tumuli within the same site.

tumulus ; cremation burial ; Hallstatt ; archaeobotany ; Kaptol - Gradci ; Croatia

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