engleski

Emergent and re-emergent bacteria

Emerging infectious diseases are clinically distinct conditions whose incidence in humans has increased. Emergence may be due to the introduction of a new agent, while reemergence describes the reappearance of a known pathogen, after its apparent control or elimination. All forms of infectious organisms, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are able to emerge or re-emerge in human populations, but viruses afford the most dramatic examples. However, in this lecture the focus is on emergent and reemergent bacteria, excluding the increasing occurrence of multi-resistant bacterial strains. In the last two decades, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention identifies more than fifty new bacterial diseases such as Legionnaire's disease, toxic shock syndrome, Lyme disease, campylobacteriosis, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Helicobacter infections, ehrlichiosis, Bartonella infections, etc. Some new bacteria, recently recognized as human pathogens (Elizabethkingia, Kocuria, Schewanella, Cronobacter, etc.), seems to be present in our environment long ago, but we were not exposed to. At the same time, a number of well known bacterial diseases have re-emerged as important public health problems. WHO has identified at least three worldwide re-emergent bacterial infections that should be monitored: diphtheria, cholera, and bubonic plague. To deal with the challenges of newly emerging infectious diseases and at the same time to control existing diseases, it is necessary to understand how infectious disease patterns are changing and what factors contribute to those changes.

bacteria; emerging; re-emerging

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