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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer

As a significant cause of cancer death worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most common cancers in the world. The most efficient strategies to reduced CRC incidence include identifying risk factors for CRC and performing preventive colonoscopy to high-risk populations. Some well-established risk factors for CRC development include hereditary syndromes and inflammatory bowel disease. Of note, in recent years, attention has been given to new evidence indicating that greater than 75 to 95% of CRC occurs in individuals with little or no genetic risk. For these individuals, the risk for CRC is associated with their lifestyle and dietary factors, including central obesity, overweight and physical inactivity. Recently, evidence demonstrated a connection between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and CRC. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common risks that NAFLD and colorectal neoplasms share. The incidence of NAFLD is increasing parallel with an increasing prevalence of MetS and obesity. Consequently, the question arises: will the incidence of CRC increase together with this dramatic increase in obesity, MetS and ultimately NAFLD prevalence? Recent studies of adenomatous polyps, CRC and NAFLD are discussed in this manuscript.

colorectal cancer ; metabolic syndrome ; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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